Disease Description: An abnormal development of the bones of the face and the jaw. Seen in West Highland white and Cairn terriers, among other breeds.
Inherit Mode: The mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive in West Highland white terriers. In other breeds, the mode of inheritance has not been determined.
Disease Symptom: Your puppy (3-8 months of age) may have a swollen and painful lower law, or have trouble opening the mouth or eating, or drool excessively. You may not notice all of these problems continuously; the signs may seem to flare up at times then get better. This disease is "self-limiting." After your puppy reaches one year of age, the condition will probably not get worse, and should get better. However if there has been severe bone growth, especially involving the jaw joint, the excess bone may not go away on its own. In some cases, particularly if the jaw joint is not working properly, your dog may need surgery. Your puppy’s condition is more serious and the prognosis is guarded if there is excessive bone growth on the base of the skull.
Disease Cause: -
Disease Diagnose: Your veterinarian will diagnose this disease based on physical examination, history, and x-rays.
Treat Method: There is no treatment to stop the disease from getting worse; it will usually get better as your puppy grows up. Pain can be treated with anti-inflammatory drugs. Your puppy may need surgery in certain severe cases. For the veterinarian:Bony proliferation is usually bilateral. Clinical signs of this disease (including swollen mandible which may be painful, and difficulty or pain opening the mouth), may be intermittent, and may be associated with pyrexia. Radiographs may show involvement of bones of the skull other than the mandible and temporomandibular region. In some cases, bone biopsy and histopathology may be helpful in differentiating this disease from other conditions involving excess bone growth. This disease is self-limiting, and excess bone should not proliferate beyond one year of age. Excess bone may not completely regress. Pain may be managed with anti-inflammatory drugs.
Breeder Advice: Affected dogs should not be used for breeding, even if they appear to recover completely. Breeding of parents (carriers) and siblings (suspect carriers) should also be avoided. The Institute for Genetic Disease Control in Animals (GDC) and the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) maintain registries for this condition in terrier breeds.
Disease Description Source: Link
| Disease Name | Other Name | Mode of inheritance | Link ID | Possible OMIM ID | Gene |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Craniomandibular osteopathy, generic | - | Multifactorial | - |
| iDog Breed Number | Breed Name | Personality | Height | Weight | Breed Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CB45 | Borzoi(Russian wolfhound) | Loyal, affectionate, regally dignified; a charming but independent-minded canine nobleman | 71.1 cm & up (male), 66 cm & up (female) | 34-47.6 kg (male), 27.2-38.6 kg (female) | Russia |
| CB46 | Boston Terrier | Friendly, bright, amusing, and adaptable. | 38.1-43.2 cm | 4.5-11.3 kg | United States |
| CB47 | Bouvier des Flandres(Flanders Cattle Dog) | Strong-willed, even-tempered, courageous; affectionate with family, intimidating to intruders | 62.2-69.9 cm (male), 59.7-67.3 cm (female) | 31.8-49.9 kg | Belgium |
| CB60 | Cairn Terrier | Cheerful, alert, busy and independent-minded | 25.4 cm (male), 24.1 cm (female) | 6.4 kg (male), 5.9 kg (female) | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB61 | Canaan Dog | Alert, vigilant, territorial; docile with family, aloof with strangers | 50.8-61 cm (male), 48.3-58.4 cm (female) | 20.4-24.9 kg (male), 15.9-20.4 kg (female) | Middle East Lebanon - Israel |
| CB89 | Dogo Argentino | Loyal, trustworthy,courageous | 61-68.6 cm (male), 59.7-66 cm (female) | 36.3-45.4 kg | Argentina |
| CB97 | English Springer Spaniel | Friendly, playful, obedient at home; hardworking and steady in the field | 50.8 cm (male), 48.3 cm (female) | 22.7 kg (male), 18.1 kg (female) | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB148 | Lagotto Romagnolo(Romagna Water Dog) | Easygoing, affectionate, and eager to please | 43.2-48.3 cm (male), 40.6-45.7 cm (female) | 12.9-15.9 kg (male), 10.9-14.1 kg (female) | Italy |
| CB214 | Scottish Terrier | Independent, confident, and never shy; spirited but dignified | 25.4 cm | 8.6-10 kg (male), 8.2-9.5 kg (female) | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB215 | Sealyham Terrier | Alert and outgoing; stubbornness is tempered by a sly sense of humor | 26.7 cm | 10.4-10.9 kg (male), slightly less (females) | United Kingdom (Wales) |
| CB252 | Weimaraner | Friendly, fearless, alert, obedient | 63.5-68.6 cm (male), 58.4-63.5 cm (female) | 31.8-40.8 kg (male), 24.9-34 kg (female) | Germany |
| CB255 | West Highland White Terrier | Happy, smart, loyal, entertaining | 27.9 cm (male). 25.4 cm, female | 6.8-9.1 kg | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB256 | English Whippet | Calm, affectionate, and playful | 48.3-55.9 cm (male), 45.7-53.3 cm (female) | 11.3-18.1 kg | England |
| 2020 |
Letko,A.,Leuthard,F.,Jagannathan,V.,Corlazzoli,D.,Matiasek,K.,Schweizer,D.,Hytönen,M.K.,Lohi,H.,Leeb,T.,Drögemüller,C.: :
Whole Genome Sequencing Indicates Heterogeneity of Hyperostotic Disorders in Dogs. Genes (Basel) 11:, 2020. Pubmed reference: 32033218 . DOI: 10.3390/genes11020163 . |
| 2020 |
Letko,A.,Leuthard,F.,Jagannathan,V.,Corlazzoli,D.,Matiasek,K.,Schweizer,D.,Hytönen,M.K.,Lohi,H.,Leeb,T.,Drögemüller,C.: :
Whole Genome Sequencing Indicates Heterogeneity of Hyperostotic Disorders in Dogs. Genes (Basel) 11:, 2020. Pubmed reference: 32033218 . DOI: 10.3390/genes11020163 . |
| 2018 |
Vagt,J.,Distl,O.: :
Complex segregation analysis of craniomandibular osteopathy in Deutsch Drahthaar dogs. Vet J 231:30-32, 2018. Pubmed reference: 29429484 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.11.008 . |
| 2016 |
Hytönen,M.K.,Arumilli,M.,Lappalainen,A.K.,Owczarek-Lipska,M.,Jagannathan,V.,Hundi,S.,Salmela,E.,Venta,P.,Sarkiala,E.,Jokinen,T.,Gorgas,D.,Kere,J.,Nieminen,P.,Drögemüller,C.,Lohi,H.: :
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| 2016 |
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Canine models of human rare disorders. Rare Dis 4:e1241362, 2016. Pubmed reference: 27803843 . DOI: 10.1080/21675511.2016.1241362 . |
| 2012 |
Pettitt,R.,Fox,R.,Comerford,E.J.,Newitt,A.: :
Bilateral angular carpal deformity in a dog with craniomandibular osteopathy. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 25:149-54, 2012. Pubmed reference: 22366888 . DOI: 10.3415/VCOT-11-02-0022 . |
| 2011 |
Thompson,D.J.,Rogers,W.,Owen,M.C.,Thompson,K.G.: :
Idiopathic canine juvenile cranial hyperostosis in a Pit Bull Terrier. N Z Vet J 59:201-5, 2011. Pubmed reference: 21660851 . DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2011.579556 . |
| 2010 |
Ratterree,W.O.,Glassman,M.M.,Driskell,E.A.,Havig,M.E.: :
Craniomandibular osteopathy with a unique neurological manifestation in a young Akita. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 47:e7-12, 2010. Pubmed reference: 21189419 . DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-5464 . |
| 2002 |
Huchkowsky,S.L.: :
Craniomandibular osteopathy in a bullmastiff. Can Vet J 43:883-5, 2002. Pubmed reference: 12497967 . |
| 2002 |
LaFond,E.,Breur,G.J.,Austin,C.C.: :
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| 2002 |
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| 1998 |
Franch,J.,Cesari,J.R.,Font,J.: :
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| 1995 |
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| 1995 |
Taylor,S.M.,Remedios,A.,Myers,S.: :
Craniomandibular osteopathy in a Shetland sheepdog. Can Vet J 36:437-9, 1995. Pubmed reference: 7585421 . |
| 1995 |
Watson,A.D.J.,Adams,W.M.,Thomas,C.B.: :
Craniomandibular osteopathy in dogs Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 17:911, 1995. |
| 1994 |
Hudson,J.A.,Montgomery,R.D.,Hathcock,J.T.,Jarboe,J.M.: :
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| 1992 |
Lindt,F.,Gagnebin,L.: :
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| 1986 |
Gutteling,J.,Hazewinkel,H.A.: :
[Hyperostosis of the mandibles in a West Highland white terrier]. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 111:1246-8, 1986. Pubmed reference: 3824324 . |
| 1986 |
Padgett,G.A.,Mostosky,U.V.: :
The mode of inheritance of craniomandibular osteopathy in West Highland White terrier dogs. Am J Med Genet 25:9-13, 1986. Pubmed reference: 3799725 . DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320250103 . |
| 1983 |
Alexander,J.W.: :
Selected skeletal dysplasias: craniomandibular osteopathy, multiple cartilaginous exostoses, and hypertrophic osteodystrophy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 13:55-70, 1983. Pubmed reference: 6346655 . |
| 1982 |
Hathcock,J.T.: :
Craniomandibular osteopathy in an English Bulldog--. J Am Vet Med Assoc 181:389, 1982. Pubmed reference: 7118716 . |
| 1979 |
Thornburg,L.P.: :
Infantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffey-Silverman syndrome). Animal model: craniomandibular osteopathy in the canine. Am J Pathol 95:575-8, 1979. Pubmed reference: 377993 . |
| 1979 |
Thornburg,L.P.: :
Infantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffey-Silverman syndrome). Animal model: craniomandibular osteopathy in the canine. Am J Pathol 95:575-8, 1979. Pubmed reference: 377993 . |
| 1978 |
Schulz,S.: :
A case of craniomandibular osteopathy in a Boxer. J Small Anim Pract 19:749-57, 1978. Pubmed reference: 723240 . |
| 1976 |
Burk,R.L.,Broadhurst,J.J.: :
Craniomandibular osteopathy in a Great Dane. J Am Vet Med Assoc 169:635-6, 1976. Pubmed reference: 965287 . |
| 1975 |
Keppler,A.,Boom,J.: :
[What is your diagnosis]. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 100:563-5, 1975. Pubmed reference: 1154348 . |
| 1975 |
Watson,A.D.,Huxtable,C.R.,Farrow,B.R.: :
Craniomandibular osteopathy in Doberman Pinschers. J Small Anim Pract 16:11-9, 1975. Pubmed reference: 1117702 . |
| 1969 |
Battershell,D.: :
Craniomandibular osteopathy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 155:1735-6, 1969. Pubmed reference: 5391227 . |
| 1969 |
Pool,R.R.,Leighton,R.L.: :
Craniomandibular osteopathy in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 154:657-60, 1969. Pubmed reference: 5812899 . |
| 1967 |
Gehring,H.,Brass,W.: :
[The "craniomandibular osteopathy" in the dog]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 74:546-7, 1967. Pubmed reference: 5631876 . |
| 1966 |
Watkins,J.D.,Bradley,R.: :
Craniomandibular osteopathy in a labrador puppy. Vet Rec 79:262-4, 1966. Pubmed reference: 6009030 . |
| 1958 |
Littlewort,M.C.G.: :
Tumor-like exostoses on the bones of the head in puppies. Veterinary Record 70:977-978, 1958. |